This PSEB 12th Class Sociology Notes Chapter 6 Gender Inequalities will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 12th Class Sociology Notes Chapter 6 Gender Inequalities
Gender Role:
- Gender role is the behaviour that is attached to each sex by society.
Gender Discrimination:
- It is the behaviour of exclusion, subordination, and non-participation by which one part of the population, especially women, are mainly sidelined or ignored.
Transgender:
- That group of individuals who have traits of both the sexes i.e. men and women.
Socialization:
- That lifelong learning process in which an individual learns the ways of living life and culture and transfer it to the next generation.
Patriarchy:
- The type of society in which authority is in the hands of males and females is excluded from this.
- Authority is in the hands of the eldest male of the family and the family’s name runs on the father’s name.
Child Sex Ratio:
- It means the number of girls (0-6 years) behind 100 boys (0-0 years).
- In 2011, it was 1000: 914.
Sex Ratio:
- It means the number of females behind every 1000 males.
- In 2011, it was 1000 : 943.
→ We all live in society along with family and relatives. While living in society, we might have heard males talking about females.
→ In this conversation, you might have thought that females of the family are discriminated against. This sex-based discrimination is known as gender discrimination.
→ Word ‘Gender’ is made by society and is given by culture.
→ Gender is a sociological word in which political, cultural, socio-psychological, and economic relations are established between males and females.
→ It means that whenever we talk about male-female relations from a socio-cultural point of view, the word ‘gender’ comes forward.
→ There is a difference between the word ‘Sex’ and ‘Gender’.
→ Word ‘sex’ is a biological word that tells us about male or female. But Gender difference is that behaviour that is made with social customs.
→ Whenever we talk about gender relations, it refers to relations between males and females that are based on ideological, cultural, political, and economic issues.
→ In gender relations, we study gender subordination that which sex controls the other.
→ Our society is a male-dominated society in which females are discriminated against in several ways.
→ The Indian Constitution has given us the right to equality but still, there are many rights which females do not enjoy.
→ A patriarchal family is a family dominated and controlled by the father.
→ He takes all the important decisions and males are considered superior to females.
→ Gender socialization is a method that takes care that all the children must learn to behave according to their sex.
→ It divides children into different groups of boys and girls. In this way, gender socialisation controls human behaviour.
→ Gender discrimination is not new in our society. This process is going on for ages.
→ Females are discriminated against in many ways and they suffer a lot during their lifetime.
→ If we talk about the child sex ratio (0-6 years), it was 1000 : 914 in 2011.
→ It means that there were 914 girls behind every 1000 boys.
→ We can observe this discrimination even in the field of education.
→ In 2011, the literacy rate in India was 74%. Out of this 82% were males and 65% were females.
→ Even today, people in the interior parts of our country do not prefer to send their girls to schools.
→ Females in our country face many problems in their daily life.
→ Rape, abduction, prostitution, trafficking, eve-teasing, domestic violence are a few of the problems which they face in their daily life.