This PSEB 12th Class Sociology Notes Chapter 5 Class Inequalities will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 12th Class Sociology Notes Chapter 5 Class Inequalities
Class Struggle:
- It is a type of tension which exists in society due to the different interests of different socio-economic groups.
Bourgeoisie:
- It is a type of social class which owns all the means of production and economically exploits other social groups with the help of its means.
Elite:
- These people are highly specialised persons who play leadership and directional role in their own status group and society. Their direction creates the process of social transformation.
Proletariat:
- In a capitalist society, this word is used for the group which includes daily workers, especially industrial workers.
Social Mobility:
- This word is used for the movement of different persons or groups of different socio-economic statuses.
Slavery:
- It is a form of social stratification in which few people keep control over others as the owner of the property.
Petty-Bourgois:
- It is a French word used for a social group that includes small capitalists such as shopkeepers, workers who manage the production, division, and distribution process.
→ We can find many classes in all the societies which are more rich, respected and powerful than the others.
→ All these groups form stratification in society.
→ There are many classes in a society formed on different bases and are different from each other on one base or the other.
→ Karl Marx did not define the concept of ‘class’ anywhere but according to him, there are two classes everywhere.
→ First is the group which has all the means of production (HAVES) and the other is one that doesn’t have anything. (HAVE-NOTS).
→ There are many features of a class system such as, it is universal in nature, status, in this is achieved, it is an open system, its main base is economy, it is permanent, etc.
→ Karl Marx was of the view that there exists consciousness among classes.
→ Marx was of the view that in different ages, there existed two types of groups.
→ The first group is that which owns all the means of production and is known as the capitalist class.
→ The second class is that which does not have any means of production and is known as the labour class.
→ Max Weber was of the view that wealth, power, and prestige are the bases of social inequality.
→ Class is attached to many things such as economy, social status, and power in politics.
→ He says that the way of living life of members of one group is almost the same.
→ Warner studied American society and said that there are three types of classes.
→ Upper class, middle class, and lower class. These three groups are further divided into three groups—upper, middle, and lower class.
→ Warner explained class structure on the basis of income and money.
→ If we look at the present age, we can see that classes are formed on many bases but their major bases are education, income, and wealth.
→ Class and caste are very much different from each other such as class is an open system but caste is a closed system, status in class is achieved but in caste, it is not achieved, there is mobility in the class system but not in the caste system.