This PSEB 10th Class Science Notes Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 10th Class Science Notes Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources
→ Our natural resources like forests, wildlife, water, coal, and petroleum need to be used in a sustainable manner.
→ The variety of substances that man gets from earth and nature to meet his basic needs are called natural resources.
→ People’s participation is very important in maintaining the eco-environment.
→ Multicrore project “Ganga Action Plan” to clean and maintain the proper quality of water in the Ganga was launched in 1985.
→ Air, soil, and water are our natural resources.
→ These natural resources should be used in such a way that both resources do not get polluted and the environment remains conserved and pollution-free.
→ Coal and petroleum are also our natural resources and these need to be used in a sustainable manner for development.
→ There is a number of international laws and regulations to protect our environment.
→ Three R’s are being used to save our environment.
→ These three R’s respectively: Reduce (useless), Recycle (Recycle the wastes), Reuse (use things again and again).
→ ‘Reduce’ means that we should use less avoiding unnecessary wastage.
→ Electricity and water can be saved by repairing leaking taps and by switching off lights and fans.
→ ‘Recycle’ means that materials like glass, plastic, metals, etc. can be used again and again by recycling in place of dumping them along with other waste materials.
→ ‘Reusing is better than recycling because a thing can be used again and again.
→ Recycling always needs the consumption of some energy.
→ ‘Ganga Action Plan’ was started in 1985 because the quality of water was reduced to a very low level.
→ Coliform is a group of bacteria and is found in the human intestines.
→ The presence of coliform in water indicates contamination by disease-causing microorganisms.
→ River Ganga runs its course of over 2500 km from Gangotri in the Himalayas to Ganga Sagar in the Bay of Bengal.
→ River Ganga has been turned into a drain by the people living in towns and cities in various states.
→ People wash their clothes at its banks. They pour their garbage and excreta into it. They wash their clothes, take bath, immerse ashes and unburnt corpses in its water.
→ We get energy from the Sun being processed by living organisms and various physical and chemical processes on the earth.
→ The management of natural resources needs a long-termed perspective.
→ Mining also becomes a huge cause of pollution because a large amount of slag is produced due to it.
→ The forests are called “biodiversity hot spots.
→ In any area, one measure of biodiversity is the number of species found there.
→ Forests are the favourite sites for fishing and hunting.
→ We can reduce pressure on the environment by applying the maximum of three R’s (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) in our lives.
→ People gather fruits, nuts, and medicines from the forests and they also allow their cattle to graze in the forests. They collect fodder from the forests for their cattle.
→ We get timber, paper, lac, and sports equipment from the forests.
→ Water is a basic necessity for all terrestrial forms of life.
→ Water supports our life system. All chemical reactions of our body take place in the presence of water. It controls the temperature of our bodies. It helps in excretion.
→ Water regulates the atmosphere of our earth. It helps in operating various machines and generating electricity. Water is very necessary for agriculture and industry.
→ Water present in all seas supports aquatic life.
→ Rains in our country are largely due to monsoons.
→ The vegetation cover of our country gets affected because of failure to sustain underground water.
→ In our country, irrigation methods are – dams, tanks, and canals.
→ Large dams and canals were first conceived and implemented by the British in our country.
→ Kulhs were used in Himachal Pradesh for irrigation. This system was evolved about four hundred years ago.
→ Large dams can ensure the storage of adequate water for irrigation and generating electricity.
→ Dams are the obstructions or walls established on the path of river water to collect water in artificial lakes to use for the generation of electricity and irrigation.
→ Check dams are temporary mud walls or permanent walls created to collect water in artificial lakes to recharge underground water.
→ Underground water is important for irrigation and drinking purposes.
→ Building big dams create a lot of problems related to biodiversity, forest area, and displacement of population.
→ In watershed management, soil and water conservation are preferred to increase the vegetation.
→ Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum should be used very carefully because the stocks of these remain very limited under the soil. Also, these cause pollution on burning.
→ Natural Resources: The useful naturally occurring stocks of different substances are termed natural resources.
→ Exhaustible Resources: The resources being destroyed by human activities are called exhaustible resources.
Example: soil, minerals, etc.
→ Inexhaustible Resources: The resources which cannot be exhausted by human activities are called inexhaustible resources.
→ Renewable Resources: The sources of energy which can be replenished are termed renewable resources, e.g. wood, water.
→ Non-renewable Resources: The sources of energy which cannot be replenished and get destroyed after their use are termed as non-renewable resources, e.g. Petroleum, Natural gas, Coal, etc.
→ Underground water: Water is present under the surface of the soil.
→ Pollution. The presence of unwanted, unnecessary, and undesirable changes in biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of the environment is termed pollution. Mainly pollution is of three types – soil pollution, air pollution, water pollution.
→ Recycle: Using products made of plastic, paper, glass, metal, etc. in making new products instead of new material is called recycling.
→ Reuse: It is a simple strategy to use things again and again instead of throwing them away.
→ Water Harvesting: It is a process of capturing used or rainwater in a nearby area to utilize it for our use again and increase the level of underground water.
→ Deforestation: Cutting trees on large scale is called deforestation.
→ Dams: These are the obstructions on the paths of river water to store large amounts of water to be used to generate hydroelectric power and for irrigation purposes.
→ Afforestation: Planting of trees on large scale over a large area.
→ Environmental problem: The problems created by man on the environment by his actions.
→ Biodiversity: Different types of living beings exist in this world. A very large variety of plants and animals are parts of it. Out of these, some are of economic importance. Their structures and usefulness vary. The existence of a wide variety of species living in a particular natural habitat or community is termed biodiversity.
→ Conservation: It is a process to prevent our environment from degradation and to work for its betterment by improving the conditions to stop further deterioration.
→ Ganga Action Plan: A multicrore project proposed by Govt, of India in 1985 to clean river Ganga of its pollutants.
→ Coliform Bacteria: A coliform is a group of gram-negative bacteria that causes many diseases in the human intestines. Its presence in water indicates contamination of disease-causing micro-organisms.
→ 3-R: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse.
→ Wildlife: All types of naturally occurring plants and animals and their species found in nature are termed wildlife. It is neither cultivated nor tamed/domesticated.
→ Ecological Conservation: ‘Ecological Conservation’ is a term used to conserve, nature and natural resources to maintain ecological balance.
→ Water Resources: The resources like rivers, canals, oceans, rains, etc. are called water resources which provide water for our use.
→ Watershed Management: It is the scientific conservation of soil and water to get better and increase biomass production.
→ Water Harvesting: Water harvesting is to capture and save rainwater to make use of it for better purposes.
→ National Park: A very large specified area reserved and dedicated by the government to conserve natural resources, forests, wildlife where human activities are completely banned is called National Park.