Class 8

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Notice Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Notice Writing

नोटिस (Notice) किसी घटित होने वाली या घटित हो चुकी घटना के बारे में सूचना होती है। इसके द्वारा किसी आदेश, प्रार्थना अथवा चेतावनी पर अमल करने की सूचना दी जाती है।

याद रखने योग्य बातें-

1. नोटिस की भाषा उद्देश्यपूरक होनी चाहिए। इसमें निजीपन नहीं होना चाहिए।
2. दी जाने वाली सूचना पूर्ण होनी चाहिए।
3. इसका प्रस्तुतीकरण संक्षिप्त और स्पष्ट होना चाहिए। नोटिस का उद्देश्य भी स्पष्ट हो।
4. जहां तक हो सके नोटिस में “I’ तथा ‘You’ के प्रयोग से बचें।
5. नोटिस लिखे जाने की तिथि का उल्लेख अवश्य करें।
6. विषय-वस्तु से सम्बन्धित स्थान, समय तथा कार्यक्रम आदि की स्पष्ट जानकारी दें।
7. नोटिस जारी करने वाले व्यक्ति के पद का नाम तथा उसके हस्ताक्षर भी नोटिस में होने चाहिएं।
8. नोटिस दी गई शब्द-सीमा में ही लिखना चाहिए।

Format of a Notice

Notice

Date

Heading / Title
Content

Signatory

Important Notices

1. Notice About Something Found
You have found a purse lying in one of the lawns of your school. Write a notice asking the owner of the purse to contact you.

NOTICE

March 7, 20…..
FOUND ! FOUND ! FOUND!

This is to inform all the students that a purse has been found lying in one of the i school lawns. It is a black leather purse containing some money. The owner should contact the undersigned.

Gulshan Rai
Roll No. 10, VIII A

2. Notice About a Tour
Your school is organising a tour to Delhi and Agra. You are the secretary of Tour Organising Committee. Draft a notice asking the students to give you their names.

NOTICE
JOINING A HISTORICAL TOUR

March 8, 20……

Our school is organising a historical tour to Delhi and Agra. The duration of the tour is six days starting on March 12. Those interested should give their names to the undersigned latest by March 10.

Mohan Lai
(Secretary Tour Organising Committee)

3. Notice About Paper Reading Contest
You are the incharge of Junior Humanities Forum of your school. The Forum is organising a Paper Reading Contest. Draft a notice inviting the participants to give you their names.

NOTICE
PAPER READING CONTEST

March 9, 20….

The Junior Humanities Forum of the school is organising a Paper Reading Contest on March 16 in the school hall. Students of class VI to VIII are eligible to participate. Those interested should give their names to the undersigned before March 12.

Raman
Secretary
(Junior Humanities Forum)

4. Notice for a School Function
You are Shashi Mehta, the Sports Secretary of your school. Your school is organising the Annual Sports meet next week. Write a notice in about 50 words to be put on the school notice board to this effect.

NOTICE
ANNUAL SPORTS MEET

January 15, 20….

The Annual Sports meet of the school is going to be held on 28th and 29th of this month. Students who wish to take part in any event should give their names to the undersigned by 24th of this month positively.

Shashi Mehta
(Sports Secretary)

5. Notice for a Lost Wrist Watch
You have lost a wrist watch in your school. Write a notice about the loss giving the particulars of the watch. Also announce a reward for the finder.

NOTICE
LOST ! LOST ! LOST !

April 10, 20….

This is to inform all students that I lost my wrist watch yesterday in the school during the recess period. It is an H.M.T. watch with a golden case and a golden chain. He/She who happens to find it should contact the undersigned immediately. He (She) will be suitably rewarded.

Aastha Jindal.
R. No. 2, VIII D

6. Notice about a Lost Pen
You have lost your pen somewhere in your school. Write a notice about it.

NOTICE
LOST ! LOST ! LOST !

12 March, 20 …….
A new gel pen has been lost somewhere in the school ground. The pen is of Reynold make with blue colour. The finder is requested to return it to the undersigned or deposit it with the school office.

Kulbir Singh
Roll No. 2
VIII B

7. Books for Sale
Ashok Mathur of Class VIII A has just passed his annual examination. Two of his books are in fairly good condition and he wants to sell them at reduced prices. He puts up a notice on the school notice-board giving all the necessary details. Write this notice in the space below, using not more than 50 words.

NOTICE
BOOKS FOR SALE

March 22, 20

Two VIII Class books fairly in good condition are for sale. The books and their reduced prices are given below :
1. History of India Rs. 50/- only
2. General Science Rs. 60/- only
Those who are interested should contact Ashok Mathur, Class IX A

8. Taking Part in Debate
K.C. Sharma, Senior English teacher, invites applications from the students of VIII class who want to take part in debate to be held at Ludhiana. March 15 is the last date for the applications to reach the undersigned. In this connection, he puts up a notice on the school notice-board. Write this notice in about 40 words.

NOTICE
TAKING PART IN DEBATE

March 10, 20 ………..

Applications are invited from the students of class IX who want to take part in the debate to be held at Ludhiana. The students should apply before 15th March, giving details of their proficiency.
Sd/
K.C. Sharma
Senior English Teacher

9. Shoes From School Red Cross Fund
Anil Kumar Sharma, the school Red Cross teacher, invites applications from the poor students who want to take shoes from the Red Cross. In this connection, he puts up a notice on, the school notice-board. Write this notice in not more than 30 words.

NOTICE
SHOES FROM SCHOOL RED-CROSS FUND

March 2, 20….

Applications are invited from the poor students who want to take shoes from the Red Cross. All applications should reach the undersigned by 15th March.

Anil Kumar Sharma
Red Cross Teacher

10. Selection to the Volleyball Team
Mohan Singh has been selected the captain of the School Volleyball Team. He is to invite applications from the students of class IX for selection to the Volleyball team. So he puts up a notice on the school notice-board in this connection. Write this notice in about 40 words.

NOTICE
SELECTION TO THE VOLLEYBALL TEAM

Applications are invited from the students of class IX for selection to the Volley-ball team. Apply before 15th September, giving details of your proficiency in the game.

Mohan Singh
Captain Volleyball Team

11. Free Yoga Classes
You are the PTI of your school. Write a notice asking the students to enrol for free yoga classes.

NOTICE
FREE YOGA CLASSES

2 April, 20

Attention !
Students interested in attending free yoga classes from 10th April every morning from 6 a.m. to 7 a.m. should contact the undersigned before 7th April.

B.S. Bedi
PTI

12. Notice for returning Library Books
You are the librarian of your school. Write a notice asking the students to return borrowed books before the school closes down for the summer vacation.

NOTICE

May 10, 20……..

ATTENTION !
The school breaks up for the summer vacation next week. All the students who have borrowed any book from the library must return it before the school breaks up for the vacation.

Raman Kumar
Librarian

13. Notice for a Lost Item
You are Kulbir Singh of Class VIII. You have lost your new water bottle. Write the notice that you would like to put up on the school notice-board.

NOTICE
LOST ! LOST ! LOST !

12 March, 20
A new water botde has been lost somewhere in the school garden. The bottle is of Eagle make with blue colour. The finder is requested to return it to the undersigned or deposit it with the school office.

Kulbir Singh
Roll No. 2
VIII B

14. Notice for Blood Donation
You are the Sarpanch of your village. Write a notice inviting adults to donate blood at the blood donation camp to be held at the community centre.

NOTICE
BLOOD DONATION CAMP

The village Panchayat is going to organise a blood donation camp in the community centre on 8th April from 9 a.m. All the adults of the village should come forward and donate blood to save lives of accident victims.

Balwant Singh
Village Sarpanch

15. Notice for a Misplaced Library Book
You have misplaced a library book ‘Panchtantra Tales’. Write a notice that you would like to put up in the classroom.

NOTICE
BOOK MISPLACED

March 10, 20…. .

The book ‘Panchtantra Tales’ has been misplaced somewhere in the classroom. It was borrowed from the library yesterday. The finder is requested to return it to the undersigned or hand it over to the class teacher.

Rajni
Roll No. 5
VIIIA

16. Notice for Sports Participants
You are the sports captain of your school. Write a notice to all participants to submit their names and event in which they are taking part.

NOTICE
ATTENTION ! SPORTS PARTICIPANTS

March 10, 20….

All the participants who are interested to take part in the school sports are requested to give their names to the undersigned before Sunday, the 6th May. They must mention the event they are taking part in.

Raman Kumar
(Sports Captain)

17. Help for Tsunami Victims
You are the Head Boy/Girl of your school. Draft a notice requesting the students to come forward to help the tsunami victims.

NOTICE
HELPING TSUNAMI VICTIMS

March 18, 20
This is to inform all the students of the school that our school is raising a fund to help the tsunami victims. All should come forward with open heart and contribute to the fund as much as possible. Deposit the money with the respective class teachers.

Sham/Suman
Head Boy/Girl

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Role Play Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Role Play Writing

1. Imagine your father is ill. You went to the hospital to get medicine for him and you got late for school. The headmaster asked you the reason for being late. You will play the role of the student and your friend of the headmaster. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Headmaster : Why are you late today ?
Student : I had gone to the hospital, sir.
2. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
3. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
4. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
5. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
6. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
Answer:
2. Headmaster : Why did you go to the hospital ?
Student : I had gone to get medicine for my father.
3. Headmaster : How long had you to wait for your turn ?
Student : I had to wait there for one hour for my turn.
4. Headmaster : How is your father now ?
Student : He is improving, sir.
5. Headmaster : Who is looking after him now ?
Student : My mother is looking after him now.
6. Headmaster : How do you come to school ?
Student : I come to school on foot.

2. Imagine you are a football player. Your team won a football match yesterday. Your father wants to know about the match. You will play the role of son and the father. The beginning of the conversation is given.

1. Father : Did you play the match yesterday ?
Son : Yes, I played the match yesterday.
2. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
3. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
4. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
5. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
6. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
Answer:
2. Father : Where was the match played ?
Son : It was played on our school ground.
3. Father : Which team was stronger ?
Son : Both the teams were equally strong.
4. Father : Which team scored the first goal ?
Son : Our team scored the first goal.
5. Father : How many goals were scored ?
Son : Two goals were scored.
6. Father : Did you score any goal ?
Son : Yes, I scored one goal.

3. Suppose a friend (Ramesh) of yours wants to know about your school library. You will play the role of you and Ramesh. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Ramesh : Has your school a big library ?
You : Yes, our school has a big library.
2. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
3. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
4. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
5. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
6. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
7. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
8. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
9. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
10. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
Answer:
2. Ramesh : How many sections has it ?
You : It has three sections—Punjabi, Hindi and English.
3. Ramesh : Who is its incharge ?
You : Mr. Hari Singh is its incharge.
4. Ramesh : How many almirahs are there in the library ?
You : There are fifteen big steel almirahs in the library.
5. Ramesh : How many books are there in the library ?
You : There are more than six thousand books in the library.
6. Ramesh : Are there novels and story books in it ? ‘
You : Yes, there are many novels and story books in it.
7. Ramesh : Has your library any books on general knowledge ?
You : Yes, our library has general knowledge books too.
8. Ramesh : Are there chairs and tables in the library ?
You : Yes, there are chairs and tables in our library.
9. Ramesh : How often does your class go to the library ?
You : Our class goes twice a week to the library.
10. Ramesh : How many books can you take out at a time ?
You : We can take out only one book at a time.

4. You gave some clothes for dry cleaning. Your suit was spoiled. You went to the dry cleaner and made the complaint. Now you will play the role of yourself and dry cleaner. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Dry Cleaner : Do you want to get your suit dry cleaned ?
You : No, I have come to complain about my suit.
2. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
3. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
4. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
5. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
6. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
7. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
8. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
9. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
10. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
Answer:
2. Dry Cleaner : Whom did you give your suit for dry cleaning ?
You : I gave my suit to your servant for dry cleaning.
3. Dry Cleaner : What has gone wrong with your suit ?
You : It has been completely spoiled.
4. Dry Cleaner : When did you buy it ?
You : I bought it last month.
5. Dry Cleaner : How much did you spend on it ?
You : I spent one thousand rupees on it.
6. Dry Cleaner : What can I do to make up your loss ?
You : You should pay me seven hundred rupees.
7. Dry Cleaner : Who is responsible for this damage ?
You : You alone are responsible for this damage.
8. Dry Cleaner : Why should I pay you for this damage ?
You : ‘Because you are the owner of this shop.
9. Dry Cleaner : Can you wait for a few days ?
You : No, I want it immediately.
10. Dry Cleaner : What will you do if I do not pay the money ?
You : If you do not pay the money, I will go to the police station.

5. Imagine you have returned from Delhi after visiting your uncle. Your father asks you a few questions in connection with your visit. Now you will play the role of you and your father. Start you conversation as:

1. Father : Why did you not come back yesterday ?
You : Uncle did not allow me to come yesterday.
2. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
3. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
4. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
5. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
6. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
7. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
Answer:
2. Father : Why did he not allow you ?
You : He is not keeping good health.
3. Father : What is wrong with him ?
You : He is having high blood pressure.
4. Father : Did you request him to visit us ?
You : Yes, I requested him to visit us some time.
5. Father : Did he promise to come to Chandigarh ?
You : Yes, he promised to come to Chandigarh in June.
6. Father : Did you visit any important place in Delhi ?
You : Yes, I visited many places such as Qutab Minar, Red Fort, Appu Ghar, etc.
7. Father : Did you enjoy your visit ?
You : Yes, I enjoyed it very much.

6. Suppose you learn that your friend (Arun) has been involved in an accident and is in the hospital. You go to the hospital and meet his father. Now play the role of yourself and his father. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. You : Where is Arun, my friend ?
His Father : He is in the operation theatre.
2. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
3. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
4. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
5. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
6. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
7. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
Answer:
You : What has happened to him ?
His Father : He has a fracture in his left arm.
You : How did all this happen ?
His Father : His scooter was hit by a bus.
You : Was he alone ?
His Father : No, his sister was with him.
You : Is the girl safe ?
His Father : Thank God, she did not receive any injury.
You : Where did the accident occur ?
His Father : It occurred near the Rose Garden.
You : Do you need any kind of help from me ?
His Father : No, thank you. You should only pray for his early recovery.

7. Suppose somebody has stolen your hundred rupees. You go to the Principal of your school to complain. You will play the role of student and the Principal. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Principal : What brings you here ?
Student : Sir, I have come with a problem.
2. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
3. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
4. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
5. Principal : ………………….
Yudent : ………………….
6. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
7. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
Answer:
2. Principal : What is your problem ?
Student : Sir, somebody has stolen my hundred rupees.
3. Principal : Where had you kept it ?
Student : I had kept it in my bag in a book, sir.
4. Principal : Where had you put your bag ?
Student : It was lying in the classroom.
5. Principal : Where had the boys of your class gone ?
Student : All the boys had gone to the ground for P.T.
6. Principal : Did you ask anybody about it ?
Student : Yes sir, I asked a number of my class-fellows.
7. Principal : Have you notified it on the notice-board ?
Student : Not yet sir, but I will put it lip on the notice-board.

8. Suppose you visit your cousin and ask him about his hobby. You will play the role of yourself and cousin. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. You : What is your hobby ?
Cousin : Gardening is my hobby.
2. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
3. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
4. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
5. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
6. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
7. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
8. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
9. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
10. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
Answer:
2. You : When do you work in your garden ?
Cousin : I work in my garden after the school time.
3. You : Do you apply manure to the plants ?
Cousin : Yes, I apply manure to the plants.
4. You : What have you grown there ?
Cousin : I have grown roses, pansy and petunia flowers there.
3. You : Do you have any fruit trees there ?
Cousin : Yes, I have some fruit trees there.
6. You : When do you cut the grass of the lawn ?
Cousin : I cut the grass of the lawn on Saturday.
7. You : Where do you bring the plants from ?
Cousin : I bring the plants from Green Nursery.
8. You : Do you have any vine there ?
Cousin : Yes, I have a vine of grapes there.
9. You : When do you take part in a Flower Show ?
Cousin : I take part in a Flower Show in the month of March.
10. You : When can I come to see your garden ?
Cousin : You can come to see my garden on any holiday.

9. Suppose you went to Rose Garden for a picnic. Your younger brother who could not go with you asks you about it. Two boys shall play the role of elder brother and younger brother.The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Younger Brother : Where did you go for a picnic ?
Elder Brother : We went to the Rose Garden.
2. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
3. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
4. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
5. Younger Brother : …………………..
Elder Brother : ………………….
6. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
7. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
8. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
9. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
10. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
Answer:
2. Younger Brother : How many friends were you ?
Elder Brother : We were a party of ten friends.
3. Younger Brother : How did you go there ?
Elder Brother : We went there on bicycles.
4. Younger Brother : What did you take with you ?
Elder Brother : We took with us a camera, a transistor, a pack of cards, a stove, some milk, tea and sugar.
5. Younger Brother : YHow much time did you take to reach Rose Garden ?
Elder Brother : It took us an hour to reach Rose Garden.
6. Younger Brother : Where did you see children playing merrily ?
Elder Brother : We saw children playing merrily in the garden.
7. Younger Brother : How did you feel there ?
Elder Brother : We felt very happy there.
8. Younger Brother : Where did you sit ?
Elder Brother : We sat on a mat under a shady tree.
9. Younger Brother : What did you do there ?
Elder Brother : We played cards, took snaps, listened to songs and took tea there.
10. Younger Brother : Did you enjoy yourselves ?
Elder Brother : Yes, we really enjoyed ourselves.

10. Suppose Ram has just come out of the Examination Hall after finishing his paper. Another examinee named Sham has also come out. You will play the role of Ram and Sham. Now start your conversation.

1. Ram : How have you done your paper ?
Sham : I have done my paper well.
2. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
3. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
4. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
3. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
6. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
7. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
8. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
9. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
10. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
Answer:
2. Ram : Is the paper easy ?
Sham : It is not so easy.
3. Ram : Which question is difficult ? ‘
Sham : Question No. IV is rather difficult.
4. Ram : What do you think about the answer to this question ?
Sham : I think my answer to this question is also to the point.
5. Ram : From which chapter is the question set ?
Sham : The question is set from Chapter II of the book.
6. Ram : How do you find the question on ‘Fill in the blanks’ ?
Sham : The question on ‘Fill in the blanks’ is confusing.
7. Ram : What do you think about these two questions ?
Sham : These two questions are out of the course, prescribed.
8. Ram : How did you answer these questions ?
Sham : I gave rather poor answers to these questions.
9. Ram : How do you feel on the whole ?
Sham : On the whole I am satisfied with the answers I gave.
10. Ram : How many marks do you hope to get in this paper ?
Sham : I hope to get only 40 per cent marks in this paper.

11. Your friend bought a mobile phone. The mobile phone is not working properly. Now play the role of friend and shop owner. Write the conversation in a dialogue format.

1. Shop owner : Good morning, Sir.
Friend : Good’morning Sir.
2. Shop owner : ………………….
Friend : ………………….
3. Shop owner : ………………….
Friend : ………………….
4. Shop owner : ………………….
Friend : ………………….
5. Shop owner : ………………….
Friend : ………………….
Answer:
2. Shop owner : How can I help you ?
Friend : Sir, the mobile phone I bought yesterday from your shop is not working correctly.
3. Shop owner : Oh ! Please explain your problem in detail.
Friend : It is giving a lot of trouble. There is no ring tones on it. The sound/music/ audio quality is not good either.
4. Shop owner-: OK. Let me check it. Oh ! you are right. Tell me, what to do ?
Friend : It is of no use to me.
5. Shop owner : I understand.
Friend : Please take it back and refund my money.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.6 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.6

Solve the following equations.

Question 1.
\(\frac{8 x-3}{3 x}=2\)
Solution:
\(\frac{8 x-3}{3 x}=2\)
∴ 3x\(\left(\frac{8 x-3}{3 x}\right)\) = 3x (2) (Multiplying both the sides by 3x)
∴ 8x – 3 = 6x
∴ 8x – 6x = 3 [Transposing 6x to LHS and (-3) to RHS]
∴ 2x = 3
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ x = \(\frac {3}{2}\)

Question 2.
\(\frac{9 x}{7-6 x}=15\)
Solution:
\(\frac{9 x}{7-6 x}=15\)
∴ 9x = 15 (7 – 6x) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 9x = 105 – 90x
∴ 9x + 90x = 105 [Transposing (- 90x) to LHS]
∴ 99x = 105
∴ \(\frac{99 x}{99}=\frac{105}{99}\)(Dividing both the sides by 99)
∴ x = \(\frac {35}{33}\)

Question 3.
\(\frac{z}{z+15}=\frac{4}{9}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{z}{z+15}=\frac{4}{9}\)
∴ z(9) = 4(z + 15) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 9z = 4z + 60
∴ 9z – 4z = 60 (Transposing 4z to LHS)
∴ 5z = 60
∴ \(\frac{5 z}{5}=\frac{60}{5}\) (Dividing both the sides by 5)
∴ z = 12

Question 4.
\(\frac{3 y+4}{2-6 y}=\frac{-2}{5}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{3 y+4}{2-6 y}=\frac{-2}{5}\)
∴ 5(3y + 4) = -2(2 – 6y) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 15y + 20 = -4 + 12y
∴ 15y – 12y = – 4 – 20 (Transposing 12y to LHS and 20 to RHS)
∴ 3y = -24
∴ \(\frac{3 y}{3}=\frac{-24}{3}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3)
∴ y = (-8)

Question 5.
\(\frac{7 y+4}{y+2}=\frac{-4}{3}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{7 y+4}{y+2}=\frac{-4}{3}\)
∴ 3(7y + 4) = -4(y + 2) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 21y + 12 = – 4y – 8
∴ 21y + 4y = – 8 – 12 (Transposing -4y to LHS and 12 to RHS)
∴ 25y = -20
∴ \(\frac{25 y}{25}=\frac{-20}{25}\) (Dividing both the sides by 25)
∴ y = \(\frac {-4}{5}\)

Question 6.
The ages of Hari and Harry are in the ratio 5:7. Four years from now the ratio of their ages will be 3:4. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Age of Hari : Age of Harry
= 5 : 7
Let the present age of Hari be 5x years.
Then, the present age of Harry = 7x years.
After 4 years their ages :
Hari = (5x + 4) years
Harry = (7x + 4) years
∴ (5x + 4) : (7x + 4) = 3 : 4
∴ \(\frac{5 x+4}{7 x+4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
∴ 4(5x + 4) = 3(7x + 4) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 20x + 16 = 21x + 12
∴ 20x – 21x = 12 – 16 (Transposing 21x to LHS and 16 to RHS)
∴ -x = – 4
∴ x = 4 [Multiplying both the sides by (- 1)]
∴ Hari’s present age = 5x = 5 × 4
= 20 years
∴ Harry’s present age = 7x = 7 × 4
= 28 years
Thus, Hari’s present age is 20 years and Harry’s present age is 28 years.

Question 7.
The denominator of a rational number is greater than its numerator by 8. If the numerator is increased by 17 and the denominator is decreased by 1, the number obtained is \(\frac {3}{2}\). Find the rational number.
Solution:
Let the numerator be x.
Denominator (8 more than numerator) = x + 8
New numerator = x + 17
(After adding 17)
New denominator = x + 8 – 1
= x + 7
(After decreasing 1)
But new number = \(\frac{x+17}{x+7}\)
But this rational number is \(\frac {3}{2}\)
\(\frac{x+17}{x+7}=\frac{3}{2}\)
∴ 2(x + 17) = 3(x + 7) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 2x + 34 = 3x + 21
∴ 2x – 3x = 21 – 34 (Transposing 3x to LHS and 34 to RHS)
∴ -x = – 13
∴ x = 13 [Multiplying both the sides by (-1)]
∴ Numerator = x = 13
Denominator = x + 8
= 13 + 8
= 21
The rational number = \(\frac {13}{21}\)
Thus, the rational number is \(\frac {13}{21}\).

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.5 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.5

Solve the following linear equations.

Question 1.
\(\frac{x}{2}-\frac{1}{5}=\frac{x}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{x}{2}-\frac{1}{5}=\frac{x}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\)
∴ \(\frac {1}{2}\) [Transposing \(\frac{x}{3}\) to LHS and \(\frac {-1}{2}\) to RHS]
∴ \(\frac{3 x-2 x}{6}=\frac{1 \times 5+1 \times 4}{20}\) [LCM = 6, LCM = 20]
∴ \(\frac{x}{6}=\frac{5+4}{20}\)
∴ \(\frac{x}{6}=\frac{9}{20}\)
∴ \(\frac{x}{6} \times 6=\frac{9}{20} \times 6\) (Multiplying both the sides by 6)
∴ \(\frac {27}{10}\)
∴ x = 2.7

Question 2.
\(\frac{n}{2}-\frac{3 n}{4}+\frac{5 n}{6}\) = 21
Solution:
\(\frac{n}{2}-\frac{3 n}{4}+\frac{5 n}{6}\) = 21
∴ \(\frac{n \times 6}{2 \times 6}-\frac{3 n \times 3}{4 \times 3}+\frac{5 n \times 2}{6 \times 2}\) = 21
∴ \(\frac{6 n-9 n+10 n}{12}\) = 21
∴ \(\frac {7 n}{12}\) = 21
∴ 7n = 21 × 12 (Multiplying both the sides by 12)
∴ n = \(\frac{21 \times 12}{7}\) (Dividing both the sides by 7)
∴ n = 36

Question 3.
\(x+7-\frac{8 x}{3}=\frac{17}{6}-\frac{5 x}{2}\)
Solution:
\(x+7-\frac{8 x}{3}=\frac{17}{6}-\frac{5 x}{2}\)
(Multipljdng both the sides by 6, the LCM of 3, 6 and 2.)
(6 × x) + (6 × 7) – \(\left(\frac{6 \times 8 x}{3}\right)\) = \(\left(6 \times \frac{17}{6}\right)-\left(\frac{6 \times 5 x}{2}\right)\)
∴ 6x + 42 – 16x = 17- 15x
∴ – 10x + 42 = 17 – 15x
∴ – 10x + 15x = 17 – 42 [Transposing (-15x) to LHS and 42 to RHS]
∴ 5x = – 25
∴ x = – 5 (Dividing both the sides by 5)

Question 4.
\(\frac{x-5}{3}=\frac{x-3}{5}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{x-5}{3}=\frac{x-3}{5}\)
∴ 5(x – 5) = 3 (x – 3) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 5x – 25 = 3x – 9
∴ 5x – 3x = 25 – 9 [Transposing 3x to LHS and (-25) to RHS]
∴ 2x = 16
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{16}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ x = 8

Question 5.
\(\frac{3 t-2}{4}-\frac{2 t+3}{3}=\frac{2}{3}-t\)
Solution:
\(\frac{3 t-2}{4}-\frac{2 t+3}{3}=\frac{2}{3}-t\)
(Multiplying both the sides by 12, the LCM of 4 and 3)
12\(\left(\frac{3 t-2}{4}\right)\) – 12\(\left(\frac{2 t+3}{3}\right)\) = 12 × \(\frac {1}{2}\) – 12t
∴ 3(3t – 2) -4 (2t + 3) = 8 – 12t
∴ 9t – 6 – 8t – 12 = 8 – 12t
∴ t – 18 = 8 – 12t
∴ t + 12t = 8 + 18 [Transposing (-12t) to LHS and (-18) to RHS]
∴ 13t = 26
∴ \(\frac{13 t}{13}=\frac{26}{13}\) (Dividing both the sides by 13)
∴ t = 2

Question 6.
\(m-\frac{m-1}{2}=1-\frac{m-2}{3}\)
Solution:
\(m-\frac{m-1}{2}=1-\frac{m-2}{3}\)
(Multiplying both the sides by 6, the LCM of 2 and 3)
6m – 6 \(\left(\frac{m-1}{2}\right)\) = 1 × 6 – 6\(\left(\frac{m-2}{3}\right)\)
∴ 6m – 3(m- 1) = 6 – 2(m-2)
∴ 6m – 3m + 3 = 6 – 2m + 4
∴ 3m + 3 = 10 – 2m
∴ 3m + 2m = 10 – 3 [Transposing (-2 m) to LHS and 3 to RHS]
∴ 5m = 7
∴ \(\frac{5 m}{5}=\frac{7}{5}\) (Dividing both the sides by 5)
∴ m = \(\frac {7}{5}\)

Simplify and solve the following linear equations.

Question 7.
3(t – 3) = 5(2t + 1)
Solution:
3(t – 3) = 5(2t + 1)
∴ 3t – 9 = 10t + 5
∴ 3t – 10t = 5 + 9 [Transposing 10t to LHS and (-9) to RHS]
∴ – 7t = 14
∴ 7t = – 14 [Multiplying both the sides by (-1)]
∴ \(\frac{7 t}{7}=\frac{-14}{7}\) (Dividing both the sides by 7)
∴ t = -2

Question 8.
15 (y – 4) – 2 (y – 9) + 5 (y + 6) = 0
Solution:
15 (y – 4) – 2 (y – 9) + 5 (y + 6) = 0
∴ 15y – 60 – 2y + 18 + 5y + 30 = 0
∴ 15y – 2y + 5y – 60 + 18 + 30 = 0
∴ 15y + 5y – 2y + 18 + 30 – 60 = 0 (Arranging the terms)
∴ 18y – 12 = 0
∴ 18y = 12 [Transposing (- 12) to RHS]
∴ \(\frac{18 y}{18}=\frac{12}{18}\) (Dividing both the sides by 18)
∴ y = \(\frac {2}{3}\)

Question 9.
3(5z – 7) -2 (9z – 11) = 4(8z – 13) – 17
Solution:
3(5z – 7) -2 (9z – 11) = 4(8z – 13) – 17
∴ 15z – 21 – 18z + 22 = 32z – 52 – 17
∴ 15z – 18z – 21 + 22 = 32z + (-52 – 17)
∴ – 3z + 1 = 32z – 69
∴ – 3z – 32z = – 69 – 1 (Transposing 1 to RHS and 32z to LHS)
∴ – 35z = – 70
∴ 35z = 70[Multiplying both the sides by (-1)]
∴ \(\frac{35 z}{35}=\frac{70}{35}\) (Dividing both the sides by 35)
∴ z = 2.

Question 10.
0.25 (4f – 3) = 0.05(10f – 9)
Solution:
0.25 (4f – 3) = 0.05(10f – 9)
0.25 × 4f – 0.25 × 3
= 0.05 × 10f – 0.05 × 9

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.4 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.4

Question 1.
Amina thinks of a number and subtracts \(\frac {5}{2}\) from it. She multiplies the result by 8. The result now obtained is 3 times the same number she thought of. What is the number?
Solution:
Let the number be x.
Subtracting \(\frac {5}{2}\) from it, we get, x – \(\frac {5}{2}\)
By multiplying this result by 8,
we get 8 (x – \(\frac {5}{2}\))
According to the condition,
8(x – \(\frac {5}{2}\)) = 3x
∴ 8x – 20 = 3x
∴ 8x = 3x + 20 [Transposing (-20) to RHS]
∴ 8x – 3x = 20 (Transposing 3x to LHS)
∴ 5x = 20
∴ \(\frac{5 x}{5}=\frac{20}{5}\) (Dividing both the sides by 5)
∴ x = 4
Thus, the number though of by Amina is 4.

Question 2.
A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both the numbers, then one of the new numbers becomes twice the other new number. What are the numbers?
Solution:
Let the smaller number be x
∴ The greater number is 5x
On adding 21 to both the numbers,
we get (5x + 21) and (x + 21)
According to the condition,
5x + 21 = 2 (x + 21)
∴ 5x + 21 = 2x + 42
∴ 5x = 2x + 42 – 21 (Transposing 21 to RHS)
∴ 5x = 2x + 21
∴ 5x – 2x = 21 (Transposing 2x to LHS)
∴ 3x = 21
∴ \(\frac{3 x}{3}=\frac{21}{3}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3)
∴ x = 7
The smaller number x = 7
The greater number = 5x = 5 × 7 = 35
Thus, the required numbers are 7 and 35.

Question 3.
Sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. When we interchange the digits, it is found that the resulting new number is greater than the original number by 27. What is the two-digit number?
Solution:
Let the digit at the units place be x.
Then, the digit at the tens place = (9 – x)
The original number = 10(9 – x) + x
= 90 – 10x + x
= 90 – 9x
On interchanging the digits, the new number =10x + (9 – x)
= 10x + 9 – x
= 9x + 9
According to the condition,
New number = Original number + 27
∴ 9x + 9 = (90 – 9x) + 27
∴ 9x + 9 = 90 – 9x + 27
∴ 9x + 9 = 117 – 9x
∴ 9x = 117 – 9x – 9 (Transposing 9 to RHS)
∴ 9x = 108 – 9x
∴ 9x + 9x = 108 [Transposing (-9x) to LHS]
∴ 18x = 108
∴ \(\frac{18 x}{18}=\frac{108}{18}\) (Dividing both the sides by 18)
∴ x = 6
∴ Original number = 90 – 9x
= 90 – 9(6)
= 90 – 54 = 36
Thus, the original number is 36.

Question 4.
One of the two digits of a two-digit number is three times the other digit. I If you interchange the digits of this two-digit number and add the resulting number to the original number, you get 88. What is the original number?
Solution:
Let the digit at units place be x and the digit at tens place be 3x.
The number = 10 (3x) + x
= 30x + x
= 31x
On interchanging the digits, the number – 10x + 3x = 13x
According to the condition,
31x + 13x = 88
44x = 88
∴ \(\frac{44 x}{44}=\frac{88}{44}\) (Dividing both the sides by 44)
∴x = 2
The number = 31x = 31 × 2 = 62
Thus, original number is either 62 or 26.

Question 5.
Saroj’s mother’s present age is six times ; Saroj’s present age. Saroj’s age five years from now will be one third of his mother’s present age. What are their present ages?
Solution:
Let Saroj’s present age be x years and mother’s present age be 6x years
After 5 years:
Saroj’s age will be x + 5 years
Mother’s age will be 6x + 5 years
According to the condition,
\(\frac {1}{3}\) (Mother’s present age) = Saroj’s age after 5 years
∴ \(\frac {1}{3}\)(6x) = x + 5
∴ 2x = x + 5
∴ 2x – x = 5 (Transposing x to LHS)
∴ x = 5
Saroj’s present age = x = 5 years
Mother’s present age = 6x = 6 × 5
= 30 years
Thus, present ages of Saroj and her mother are 5 years and 30 years respectively.

Question 6.
There is a narrow rectangular plot, reserved for a school, in Mahuli village. The length and breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11 : 4. At the rate ₹ 100 per metre it will cost the village panchayat ₹ 75,000 to fence the plot. What are the dimensions of the plot ?
Solution :
Length : Breadth = 11 : 4
Let the length be 11x metres.
Then, the breadth = 4x metres.
Perimetre = 2 (length + breadth)
= 2 (11x + 4x)
= 2 (15x) = 30x
Cost of fencing = ₹ 100 × 30x
= ₹3000 x
But, the cost of fencing = ₹ 75,000 (Given)
∴ 3000 x = 75000
∴ \(\frac{3000 x}{3000}=\frac{75000}{3000}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3000)
∴ x = 25
Length = 11x
= 11 × 25
= 275 metres
Breadth = 4x
= 4 × 25
= 100 metres
Thus, the length and breadth of the rectangular plot are 275 metres and 100 metres respectively.

Question 7.
Hasan buys two kinds of cloth materials for school uniforms, shirt material that costs him ₹ 50 per metre and trouser material that costs him ₹ 90 per metre.
For every 3 metres of the shirt material he buys 2 metres of the trouser material. He sells the materials at 12% and 10 % profit respectively. His total sale is ₹ 36,600. How much trouser material did he buy?
Solution:
Let the length of cloth for trousers be 2x metres
Then, the length of cloth for shirts = 3x metres
Cost of trouser’s cloth = 2x × ₹ 90
= ₹ 180x
Cost of shirt’s cloth = 3x × ₹ 50
= ₹ 150x
10 % profit is made on trouser’s cloth.
If C.E of trouser’s cloth is ₹ 100, then S.E is ₹ 110.
S.E of trouser’s cloth at 10 % profit = ₹\(\frac {110}{100}\) × 180x
= ₹ 198x
12 % profit is made on shirt’s cloth. If C.P of shirt’s cloth is ₹ 100, then S.P is ₹ 112.
S.P of shirt’s cloth at 12 % profit = ₹\(\frac {112}{100}\) × 150x
= ₹ 168x
∴ Total S.P = ₹ 198x + ₹ 168x
= ₹ 366x
But the total S.P. = ₹ 36,600 (Given)
366x = 36600
∴ \(\frac {112}{100}\) (Dividing both the sides by 366)
∴ x = 100
Cloth for trousers = 2x = 2 × 100 = 200
Thus, he bought 200 metres of cloth for trousers.

Question 8.
Half of a herd of deer are grazing | in the field and three fourths of the remaining are playing nearby. The rest 9 are drinking water from the pond. Find the number of deer in the herd.
Solution:
Let the total number of deer be x.
Number of deer grazing in the field = \(\frac{x}{2}\)
Remaining deer = x – \(\frac{x}{2}\) = \(\frac{x}{2}\)
Deer playing near by = \(\frac {3}{2}\) × (Remaining no. of deer)
= \(\frac {3}{4}\) × \(\frac{x}{2}\)
= \(\frac{3 x}{8}\)
Number of deer drinking water = 9
∴ Total number of deer = \(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3 x}{8}\) + 9
∴ \(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3 x}{8}\) + 9 = x
\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3 x}{8}\) = x – 9 (Transposing 9 to RHS)
\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3 x}{8}\) -x = -9 (Transposing x to LHS)
\(\frac{4 x+3 x-8 x}{8}\) = -9 (LCM = 8)
∴ \(\frac{-x}{8}\) = -9
∴ \(\frac{-x}{8}\) × 8 = -9 × 8 (Multiplying both the sides by 8)
∴ -x = – 72
∴ x = 72 [∵ Multiplying both sides by (- 1)]
Thus, total number of deer in herd is 72.

Question 9.
A grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter. He is also 54 years older than her. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let the present age of granddaughter be x years.
Grandfather’s age is 10x years.
Fresent age of daughter + 54 = Grandfather’s age
∴ x + 54 = 10x
∴ 10x = x + 54 (Interchanging the sides)
∴ 10x – x = 54 (Transposing x to LHS)
∴ 9x = 54
∴ \(\frac{9 x}{9}=\frac{54}{9}\) (Dividing both the sides by 9)
∴ x = 6
Granddaughter’s age = x = 6 years
Grandfather’s age = 10x = 10 × 6 = 60 years
Thus, granddaughter’s age is 6 years and grandfather’s age is 60 years.

Question 10.
Aman’s age is three times his son’s age. Ten years ago he was five times his son’s age. Find their present ages.
Solution :
Let the present age of son be x years
Then, the present age of Aman = 3x years
Ten years ago their ages:
Son’s age was (x – 10) years
Aman’s age was (3x – 10) years
5 × (Son’s age 10 years ago) = Aman’s age 10 years ago
∴ 5 (x – 10) = (3x – 10)
∴ 5x – 50 = 3x – 10
∴ 5x = 3x – 10 + 50 [Transposing (-50) to RHS]
∴ 5x = 3x + 40
∴ 5x – 3x = 40 (Transposing 3x to LHS)
∴ 2x = 40
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{40}{2}\)(Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ x = 20
Son’s present age = x = 20 years
Aman’s present age = 3x = 3 × 20
= 60 years
Thus, present ages of Aman and his son are 60 years and 20 years respectively.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Voice Messages Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Voice Messages Writing

1.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Call from Ramesh Nagar Need two wheeler Not big budget Mobile No …………..

Manju : Hello, this is Manju. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Preeti : Hello, Manju this is Preeti calling from Ramesh Nagar. Your neighbourer Mr. Mbhan gave me your number. He said you are interested in selling your two wheeler. I was in need of second hand two wheeler. I can’t afford a big budget. Your two wheeler will serve my purpose. I am free on Sunday. Could I come to have a look of .the two wheeler. Thanks a lot. I look forward to hear from you. My Mobile No. is 98102-70 …….

2.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Business man or service man Location Number of rooms Minimum rent

Gurvinder : Hello, this is Gurvinder. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Ravinder : Hi, Gurvinder this is Ravinder calling from your society. You uncle Mr. Ramesh Singh gave me your number. He told that you wish to let your house on rent. I have some interested parties with me. They are either business man or service man. Call me back when free. My number is 99012……. Would you please tell me about number of rooms, location of the house, distance of the nearest market, interstate bus stand and railway station. Is there a public park near it ? What would be the minimum rent ? Thanks a lot. I look forward to hear from you.

3.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Calling from Hi-tech Washing powder, Washing soap etc. Brochure on table Live demo

Rohan : Hello, this is Rohan. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Rahul : Hi, Rohan this is Rahul calling from Hi-Tech company. Your friend Alka gave me your number. She said you could help me. I wanted to give you some information about our new products like washing powder, washing soap, hair oil etc. I have left the brochure showing the products and their prices on your table. We can give you live demo at your office when you come back. So please call me back. My Mobile No. is 70127-50 Thank you very much. I look forward to hear from you.

4.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Calling from Dubey Builders Two rooms, three rooms or one room set Fully or semi furnished Visiting card

Jagdish : Hello, this is Jagdish. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Sunil Dubey : Hi, Jagdish this is Sunil Dubey calling from Dubey Builders Ludhiana. Your nephew Rohan gave me your number. He told that you need a house on rent. We have developed a new colony with two rooms set, three rooms set or single room set houses. They are fully furnished or semi furnished houses. Some are still vacant you can hire one as per your needs. I have left my visiting card with, the receptionist. Please call me when you are back. Thank you. Looking forward to hear from you.

5.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Deals in two wheelers sale/purchase All companies products Activa in good condition Going on reasonable price Mobile No. 78402-70 ………

Naveen : Hello, this is Naveen. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Rakesh : Hi, Naveen this is Rakesh calling from Ludhi colony. Your cousin amrit gave me your number. He said you want to purchase a second hand two wheeler. I deal is second hand two wheelers. I have products of almost all companies in my stock, Activa, Splender, Gusto, Hero Glamer, Bajaj Pulser and so on. Could you call me when you are back. I would like to give you the (demo) demonstration of the Activa which is in very good condition and going on reasonable price. My Mobile No. is 78402-70 ……….. . Thanks a lot. I look forward to hear from you.

6.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Geetanajli from Smith & Smith Decorator Deals in decoration of houses, shops and offices Decoration as per the customers demand.

Sita : Hello, this is Sita. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Geetanjali : Hi, Sita this is Geetanjali calling from Smith and Smith Decorators. Your cousin Parul gave me your number. She said you want to renovate your office. We deal in the decoration of houses, shops and offices. We can beautifully decorate your sales office from inside and can give it a look of commercial centre from outside to attract the customers attention. Some changes can be incorporated in it to make it easy approachable. Every thing can be discussed in details. Just give me a missed call. My Mobile No. is 88112-30 ………. . Thanks a lot. I look forward to hear from you.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Tenses Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Grammar Tenses

Tense शब्द लातीनी भाषा के शब्द tempus से बना है जिसका अर्थ है समय (Time) । अर्थात् Tense हमें किसी कार्य या घटना के समय या काल का ज्ञान कराता है। नीचे दिए गए वाक्य पढ़ें:

1. I play some game daily.
2. I played cricket yesterday.
3. I shall play hockey tomorrow.

पहले वाक्य के verb (play) से Present Time का बोध होता है। दूसरे वाक्य के verb (played) से Past. Time का बोध होता है। तीसरे वाक्य के verb (shall play) से Future Time का बोध होता है। इस तरह-
(1) जिस verb से Present Time का बोध होता है, वह Present Tense कहलाता है-
I take bath in the morning.
I go for a walk in the evening.

(2) जिस verb से Past Time का बोध होता है, वह Past Tense कहलाता है
I took bath in the,morning.
I went for a walk in the evening.

(3) जिस verb से Future Time का बोध होता है, वह Future Tense कहलाता है
I shall take bath in the morning.
I shall go for a walk in the evening.
इस प्रकार तीन मुख्य Tenses हैं-

1. The Present Tense
2. The Past Tense
3. The Future Tense.

अब यह जान लेना भी आवश्यक है कि प्रत्येक काल में कार्य अथवा क्रिया (verb) की स्थिति भिन्न-भिन्न होती है। हो सकता है कि काम चल रहा हो। यह भी सम्भव है कि कार्य पूरा हो चुका हो अथवा किसी अनिश्चित (indefinite) स्थिति में हो। इस तरह कार्य की मुख्य रूप से चार अवस्थाएं होती हैं। हम यूं भी कह सकते हैं कि प्रत्येक मुख्य Tense के चार रूप होते हैं और कुल मिला कर 12 Tenses होते हैं। यहां हम इन सभी Tenses का अलग-अलग अध्ययन करेंगे।

1. Simple Present Tense
OR
Present Indefinite Tense
Present Indefinite or Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग होता है-
(i) किसी आदत का वर्णन करने के लिए; जैसे,
He takes bath daily.
He goes for a walk everyday.

(ii) किसी सर्वमान्य सत्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे,
The sun rises in the east.

(iii) किसी कहानी में किसी बीती हुई घटना को बताने में; जैसे,
The brave dog now kills the snake and waits for his master to come.

(iv) भविष्य में होने वाली किसी घटना को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो किसी योजना अथवा व्यवस्था का भाग हो; जैसे,
Our examination begins on Monday.

(v) Time तथा Condition की Clauses में साधारण Future Tense के स्थान पर; जैसे,
If it rains, we shall not go out for a walk.

(vi) कथनों को व्यक्त करने के लिए ; जैसे,
They say, “To err is human.

(vii) किसी ऐसी स्थिति को दर्शाने के लिए जो न बदलने वाली हो; जैसे,
Our house faces the east.

2. Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense का प्रयोग होता है-
(i) किसी ऐसे विशेष कार्य को प्रकट करने के लिए जो अभी पूरा न हुआ हो अथवा जारी हो; जैसे,
My brother is singing a song.

3. Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है-
(i) ऐसे कार्य को प्रकट करने के लिए जो भूतकाल से अब तक जारी हो; जैसे,
I have never tasted tea. (I still do not drink it.)

(ii) किसी ऐसे पूर्ण कार्य अथवा घटना को प्रकट करने के लिए जो भूतकाल में विशेष समय को लेकर वर्तमान काल तक किया जाए; जैसे,
There have been two accidents on the road during 1984.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
यह Tense उस कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए प्रयोग होता है जो अतीत में किसी समय आरम्भ हुआ हो और अब भी चल रहा हो। समय को व्यक्त करने के लिए for (अनिश्चित समय) और since (निश्चित समय) का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे-
The match has been going on for an hour.
The man has been waiting for a reply.
You have been wasting your time since morning.

5. Past Indefinite Tense
OR
Simple Past Tense
Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है-
(i) भूतकाल की किसी आदत, लोकप्रिय कार्य अथवा सर्वमान्य तथ्य को प्रकट करने के लिए; जैसे,
People then believed that the sun moved round the earth.

(ii) ऐसे कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जिस में भूतकाल में काफी समय लगा हो परन्तु जो अब समाप्त हो चुका हो; जैसे-
He lived in Delhi for ten years. (but he does not live there now)

(iii) भूतकाल में पूरे किए गए किसी कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए। इस प्रकार प्रायः बीते हुए समय को व्यक्त . करने के लिए किसी Adverb या Adverb phrase का प्रयोग किया जाता है: जैसे,
My father left for Delhi yesterday.

Note 1. कभी-कभी समय की अभिव्यक्ति Adverb की बजाये भाव (समय का) से भी हो सकती है; जैसे
I bought this watch in Mumbai.

Note 2. क्रमबद्ध घटनाओं में भी Time के Adverb की आवश्यकता नहीं पड़ती; जैसे,
He came. He saw. He conquered.

(iv) किसी प्रश्न का उत्तर देने में; जैसे,
How did he go to school ?
Answer:
He went on foot.

6. Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है-
(i) किसी ऐसे कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो भूतकाल में किसी विशेष समय पर किया जा रहा हो, भले। ही कार्य करने का समय बताया गया हो, या न बताया गया हो; जैसे,-
At 7 a.m. this morning I was reading the newspaper.

7. Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है-
(1) भूतकाल में एक साथ घटित होने वाले कार्यों में से पहले पूरा होने वाले कार्य के लिए; जैसे,
The patient had died before the doctor came.

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense इस Tense का प्रयोग किसी ऐसे कार्य या घटना का वर्णन करने के लिए किया जाता है जो अतीत में किसी एक निश्चित समय (Point of Time) तक या किसी अवधि (Period of Time) में जारी रहे; जैसे,-
The phone had been ringing for a minute before Ram lifted it. वाक्य में स्पष्ट है कि जब राम ने फोन उठाया तब उससे पहले एक मिनट तक फोन की घण्टी बजती रही थी।

9. Future Indefinite Tense Simple Future Tense का प्रयोग ऐसे कार्य के लिए किया जाता है जो भविष्य में अभी किया जाना है; जैसे,
I shall finish the work tomorrow.
Tomorrow will be Monday.

10. Future Continuous Tense:
Future Continuous Tense का प्रयोग उस कार्य को करने के लिए किया जाता है जो भविष्य में किसी समय चल रहा हो; जैसे,
I shall be writing the letters then.
When I reach the station, the train will be moving.

11. Future Perfect Tense

• They will have heard the news by the time you reach.
• The teacher will have taken the roll-call before you enter the class.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense का प्रयोग ऐसे कार्य का उल्लेख करने के लिए होता है जो भविष्य में किसी निश्चित समय के बाद भी जारी रहने का बोध कराता है; जैसे-

• The students will have been studying History since morning.
• He will have been studying Law for two years by next April.

Exercises From Board’s Grammar (Solved)

I. Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present or Present Continuous forms of the verbs given in the brackets:

1. The population of India ……………. very fast. (increase)
2. Water ……………. at 0° Celsius. (freeze)
3. The sun ……………. in the West. (not rise)
4. ……………. you ……………. Mr. Jain? (know)
5. ……………. he ever ……………… cricket? (play)
6. The Ganges …………… into the Bay of Bengal. (flow)
7. Why …………….. you ……………… this ? (eat)
8. She …………….. a bath. (have)
9. I …………… cricket everyday, but today I …………… tennis.. (play)
10. She usually ……………. a skirt but today she ……………… trousers. (wear)
Hints:
1. is increasing
2. freezes
3. does not rise
4. Do, know
5. Does, play
6. flows
7. are, eating
8. is having
9. play, am playing
10. wears, is wearing.

II. Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous forms of the verbs given in brackets:

1. Someone ……………. the window. (break)
2. Rita …………….. her pen. (lose)
3. The train ……………… just ………….. at the platform. (arrive)
4. We …………….. many medals. (win)
5. I ………. for a house for two months. (search)
6. …………. he ……………. a beard ? (grow)
7. ……………. you ……………. the Bible ? (read)
8. ……….. my uncle for months. (not visit)
9. She ……………… to China twice. (be)
10. We ……………. already ……………… our breakfast. (have)
Hints:
1. has broken
2. has lost
3. has, arrived
4. have won
5. have been searching
6. Has, grown
7. Have, read
8. have not visited
9. has been
10. have, had.

III. Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past Tense forms of the verbs given in the brackets:

Sher Singh smiled. He tossed his revolver in the air and ………… (catch) it by the handle. He ………… (take) careful aim at an empty sardine tin and …….3….. (fire) another six shots. The bullets ……4….. (go) through into the earth kicking up whiffs of dust. His Alsatian dog …….5….. (begin) to bark with excitement. He ………… (leap) up with a growl and ………… (run) down the canal embankment. He …….8….. (sniff) at the tin and …….9….. (take) it up in his mouth and …….10….. (run) back with it and ……. 11…. (lay) it at his master’s feet.
Hints:
1. caught
2. took
3. fired
4. went
5. began
6. leapt
7. ran
8. sniffed
9. took
10. ran
11. laid.

IV. Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past or Past Perfect forms of the verbs given in the brackets:

1. The plane ……………. When we reached the airport. (leave)
2. Ramesh …………… home when I phoned him. (return)
3. …………… he ……………. his old car before he bought a new one ? (sell)
4. The children ……………. before I came home. (sleep)
5. The film had already begun when we …………….. the theatre. (reach)
6. The teacher ……………. the book before the examination began. (finish)
7. The robber had run away before the police. (come)
8. Tom …………. sleepy after having a good lunch. (feel)
9. I ……………. the message before you came. (receive)
10. He ……………… for India last year. (play)
Hints:
1. had left
2. had returned
3. Had, sold
4. had slept
5. reached
6. had finished
7. came
8. felt
9. had received
10. played.

V. Correct the following sentences:

1. The rain has stopped yesterday.
2. He had been born in 1950.
3. He is suffering from fever since last night.
4. Stephenson has invented the steam engine.
5. He will reach home before the storm will come.
6. I left Bihar before the earthquake occurred.
7. She will reach the station before the train will go.
8. The great reformer had died in 1977.
9. I waited at home for her since 9 o’clock.
10. She finished her dinner when I saw her.
Hints:
1. The rain stopped yesterday.
2. He was born in 1950.
3. He has been suffering from fever since last night.
4. Stephenson invented the steam engine.
5. He will have reached home before the storm comes.
6. I had left Bihar before the earthquake occurred.
7. She will have reached the station before the train goes.
8. The great reformer died in 1977.
9. I had been waiting at home for her since 9 o’clock.
10. She had finished her dinner when I saw her.

Errors in the Use of Tenses

The Simple Past is often used wrongly for the Present Perfect Tense; as,

Incorrect : He did not write the letter yet.
Correct : He has not written the letter yet.
Incorrect : We did not hear from him for a week.
Correct : We have not heard from him for a week.
Incorrect : I lived in Ambala since 1990.
Correct : I have lived in Ambala since 1990.

The Present Perfect is often used wrongly for the Simple Past; as,

Incorrect – Columbus has discovered America.
Correct – Columbus discovered America.
Incorrect – Babar has won the First Battle of Panipat.
Correct – Babar won the First Battle of Panipat.
Incorrect – The servant has not answered when called.
Correct – The servant did not answer when called.

The Present Perfect Tense में Past Time को व्यक्त करने वाला adverb या कोई अन्य शब्द प्रयोग नहीं किया जा सकता जैसे-

Incorrect – I have made a call to him yesterday.
Correct – I made a call to him yesterday.
Incorrect – A new bookshop has been opened last Monday.
Correct – A new bookshop was opened last Monday.
Incorrect – I have finished my work last night.
Correct – I finished my work last night.

The Past Perfect is often used wrongly for the Simple Past; as,

Incorrect – I had visited her yesterday.
Correct – I visited her yesterday.
Incorrect – He had gone to Kolkata last year.
Correct – He went to Kolkata last year.
Incorrect – We had gone for a picnic last Sunday.
Correct – We went for a picnic last Sunday.
Incorrect – Nehru had died in 1964.
Correct – Nehru died in 1964.

The Simple Past is often used wrongly for the Past Perfect; as,

Incorrect – The patient died before the doctor came.
Correct – The patient had died before the doctor came.
Incorrect – The train left before we bought the tickets.
Correct – The train had left before we bought the tickets.
Incorrect – I finished my work before my father came.
Correct – I had finished my work before my father came.

The Past Perfect or Perfect Continuous, and not the Simple Past or Past Continuous, is used to express something that continued up to a past time after beginning at a still earlier time; as,

Incorrect – He told me that he was ill for four days.
Correct – He told me that he had been ill for four days.
Incorrect – She was writing a novel for six weeks when I visited her.
Correct – She had been writing a novel for six weeks when I visited her.

The Simple Future is often used wrongly for the Future Perfect; as;

Incorrect – We shall reach home before the sun will set.
Correct – We shall have reached home before the sun sets.
Incorrect – I shall leave for Ludhiana by the time he will come.
Correct – I shall have left for Ludhiana by the time he comes.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Idioms and Phrases Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Vocabulary Idioms and Phrases

1. Act up to (के अनुसार काम करना)- He always acted up to his promise.
2. Bear away (जितना)- She won the race and bore away the prize.
3. Break in (सिधाना)- The trainee is breaking in the horse.
4. Break into (सेंध लगाना)- Last night three thieves broke into his house.
5. Break off (सम्बन्ध विछेद करना)- He has broken off with his religion.
6. Break out (भड़काना फूटना भड़क उठना)- The Second World War broke out in 1939. Cholera has broken out in London.
7. Break up (समाप्त होना)- The meeting broke up at 5 p.m.
8. Bring up (पालना)- He was brought up by his uncle.

9. Bring round (होरा में लाना)- The doctor soon brought the patient round.
10. Bring to book (दण्ड देना)- The police brought the pick-pocket to book.
11. Call on (किसी व्यक्ति से भेंट करना)- I called on him last evening.
12. Call in (बुला भेजना)- Call in the doctor at once.
13. Carry on (जारी रखना)- Carry on with your work.
14. Carry out (आज्ञा पालन करना)- We should carry out the orders of our teacher.
15. Come of (सम्बन्ध रखना)- He comes of a noble family.
16. Come off (होना)- My brother’s marriage comes off next Monday.
17. Do away with (मार देना समाप्त करना)- The woman did away with her step-son. We should do away with old customs.
18. Draw near (समीप आना)- My examination is drawing near.
19. Fall back upon (आश्रय होना)- He has nothing to fall back upon in old age.
20. (a) Fall off (झड़ जाना)- Tree leaves fall off in autumn.
(b) Fall upon (झपटना)- The lion fell upon the mouse.
21. Fall out (झगड़ना)- He always falls out over trifles.
22. Get into (पूरी तरह फिट आना)- I can’t get into this shirt. It is very tight.
23. Get on (चल निकलना)- How are you getting on in your school ?
24. Get through (उत्तीर्ण होना)- He got through the examination.
25. Get rid of (छुटकारा पाना)- I want to get rid of my servant.
26. Give away (बांटना)- The president gave away the prizes.
27. Give in (पराजित होना)- The soldiers fought bravely but gave in at last.
28. Give up (छोड़ना)- Give up your bad habits.
29. Go through (पढ लोना)- She has gone through the book.
30. Keep away (अनुपस्थित रहना)- Do not keep away from the school.
31. Keep on (जारी रखना)- He kept on laughing.
32. Keep one’s word (वचन पूरा करना)- He always keeps his word.
33. Lay by (बचाना)- Always lay by something for a rainy day.
34. Look after (देखभाल करना)- The mother looks after the children.
35. Look for (खोजना)- She is looking for her missing ring.
36. Look down upon (घृणा करना)- Don’t look down upon the poor.
37. Look upon (समझना)- I always look upon her as my sister.
38. Look into (जाँच करना)- The police is looking into the matter.

39. Make away with (मार देना)- The robbers made away with the rich men.
40. Make out (समझना)- I cannot make out the meaning of this sentence.
41. Make up (कमी पूरी करना)- Try to make up your deficiency in English.
42. Pass away (स्वर्गवास होना)- His father passed away last night.
43. Put off (स्थगित करना)-The meeting was put off to some later date.
44. Put out (बुझाना)- Put out the fire.
45. Put up with (सहन करना)- I cannot put up with this insult.
46. Run down (स्वास्थ्य गिरना)- He has run down on account of overwork.
47. Run over (कुचला जाना)- The child was run over by a car.
48. See off (विदा करना)- I went to the railway station to see my mother off.
49. Send for (बुला भेजना)- His father sent for the doctor.
50. Set off (चल पड़ना)- He set off for Delhi in no time.
51. Set out (चल पड़ना) – His father set out on a long journey.
52. Stand by (साथ देना)- Always stand by your friends in need.
53. Take after (राक्ल मिलना)- The child takes after his mother.
54. Take for (भूल से किसी को और कोई समझना)- I took the rope for a snake.
55. Turn down (रह करना)- He turned down my request.
56. At first sight (पहली नज़र में)- They fell in love at first sight.
57. At sea (कोरा)- He is at sea in English.
58. At home in (निपुण)- He is at home in Mathematics.
59. In course of (समय पाकर)- You will know everything in course of time.
60. In order to (क़े लिए)- He went there in order to see his brother.
61. In spite of (के बावजूद)- In spite of his hard work, he failed in the examination.
62. In search of (की खोज में)- He wandered here and there in search of water.
63. At arm’s length (परे)- Keep that man at arm’s length.
64. To and fro (इधर-उधर)-The people were moving to and fro on the platform.
65. At any rate (चाहे कुछ भी हो)- You must finish your work today at any rate.
66. To the backbone (पूर्णतया)- He is a patriot to the backbone.
67. To live from hand to mouth (जो कमाया सो खा लेना) He lives from hand to mouth.
68. To make up one’s mind (निशचय करना)- I have made up my mind to work hard.
69. To make good the loss (क्षतिपूर्ति करना)- He is trying to make good the loss he has suffered.
70. All in all (कर्ता धर्ता)- The principal is all in all in the school.
71. Fair and square (ईमानदार)- I am fair and square in my dealings with everybody.
72. Ups and downs (उतार चढ़ाव)- The old man has seen many ups and downs in his life.
73. In full swing (पूरे योवन पर)- The fair was in full swing.

74. Out of pocket (धन की कमी धन हानि खर्च किया हुआ धन)- I can’t go out; I am out of pocket right now.
75. At sixes and sevens (बिखरी हुई)- Everything in the house was at sixes and sevens.
76. Part and parcel (आवश्यक अंग)- Air is a part and parcel of our life.
77. Every inch (पूर्णतया)- He is every inch a patriot.
78. Hard up (हाथ तंग होना)- I am hard up these days.
79. In a fix (दुविधा में)- I am in a fix to know what to do.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Voice (Active and Passive Voice) Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Grammar Voice (Active and Passive Voice)

अंग्रेज़ी भाषा में Voice (वाच्य) दो प्रकार की होती है-
1. Active Voice
2. Passive Voice

1. Active Voice : जब किसी वाक्य में Subject (कर्ता) कार्य करता है तो वाक्य का Verb, Active Voice में होता है।
2. Passive Voice : जब किसी वाक्य में Subject (कर्ता) कार्य नहीं करता है बल्कि उस पर कार्य किया जाता है तो वाक्य का Verb, Passive Voice में होता है।
Example : The hunter killed the lion. शिकारी ने शेर को मारा।
The lion was killed by the hunter. शेर शिकारी द्वारा मारा गया।

नोट-विद्यार्थियों को Verb की तीसरी फ़ार्म लगाना कभी नहीं भूलना चाहिए। Let, hit, cut आदि शब्दों की फ़ार्म लगाते समय विशेष सावधानी बरतनी चाहिए।
Imperative तथा To + 1st form वाले वाक्य में Be का प्रयोग होता है।

“Active से Passive बनाने की विधि

1. Verb ‘Be’ के सैंप

2. Verb की तीसरी फ़ार्म
Note-पुस्तक में Verb की forms दी गई हैं। विद्यार्थियों को चाहिए कि वे इन्हें अच्छी तरह याद कर लें।

3. Subject और Object का आपसी परिवर्तन

(B) नोट : “You’ और ‘It’ subject और object दोनों रूपों में नहीं बदलते।
2. Possessive Case of Pronoun में भी कोई परिवर्तन नही होता जैसे-
1. My brother = by my brother
2. Our teacher = by our teacher

Be के रूप का प्रयोग

की फ़र्म रूप का चुनाव करने से पूर्व हमें दिया गए वाक्य में verb को देखना चाहिए verb की फ़र्म या tense के आधार पर ही हम be की फ़र्म लागयोंगे (i) यदि दिए गए वाक्य में verb की पहली फ़र्म (present Indefinite tense) हो तो Passive Voice बनाने के लिए Be की पहली फ़ार्म अर्थात् is, am, are में से किसी एक का प्रयोग किया जाएगा; जैसे,-

(1) Auxiliary Verbs
Rule. Can, could, may, might, shall, should आदि वाले वाक्यों को passive voice में बदलने के लिए can, could, may, might, shall, should आदि के पश्चात् ‘be’ तथा क्रिया (Verb) की तीसरी फ़ार्म लगाई जाती है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. I can solve this sum.	This sum can be solved by me.
2. You may take this pen.	This pen may be taken by you.
3. She may catch the train.	The train may be caught by her.
4. They might miss the bus.	The bus might be missed by them.
5. You should obey the rules.	The rules should be obeyed by you.
6. They must take exercise.	Exercise must be taken by them.
7. I cannot do it.	It cannot be done by me.
8. He might not win the race.	The race might not be won by him.
9. We must not tell a lie.	A lie must not be told by us.
10. One should do one’s duty.	Duty should be done.

(2) Verbs having Prepositions
Note. कुछ क्रियाओं के बाद at, on, in आदि Prepositions दी होती हैं। Passive Voice बदलते समय Prepositions of का स्थान नहीं बदलता है। उन्हें verbs के साथ ही रखा जाना चाहिए।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He knocked at the door.	The door was knocked at by him.
2. He does not care for you.	You are not cared for by him.
3. They laughed at the poor man.	The poor man was laughed at by them.
4. She sent for me.	I was sent for by her.
5. The dog barked at them.	They were barked at by the dog.
6. I was waiting for him.	He was being waited for by me.
7. She did not listen to me.	I was not listened to by her.
8. They aimed at the lion.	The lion was aimed at by them.

(3) Prepositions other than ‘By Rule. कुछ वाक्यों में क्रिया (Verb) की तीसरी फ़ार्म के पश्चात् by’ के स्थान पर कोई अन्य Preposition लगती है जैसे to, at, in, with आदि।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He knows me.	I am known to him.
2. The news shocked him.	He was shocked at the news.
3. His work satisfied me.	I was satisfied with his work.
4. Your habits worry me.	I am worried at your habits.
5. This jug contains milk.	Milk is contained in this jug.
6. You cannot please him.	He cannot be pleased with you.
7. Your answer does not satisfy me.	I am not satisfied with your answer.
8. The news surprised me.	I was surprised at the news.

(4) It is time से आरम्भ होने वाले वाक्य

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. It is time to open the shop.	It is time for the shop to be opened.
2. It is time to write our letters.	It is time for our letters to be written.
3. It is time to read the newspaper.	It is time for the newspaper to be read.
4. It is time to take tea.	It is time for tea to be taken.
5. It is time to close the shop.	It is time for the shop to be closed.
6. It is time to pray to God.	It is time for God to be prayed to.
7. It is time to ring the bell.	It is time for the bell to be rung.

(5) Interrogative Sentences

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Does she tell a story?	Is a story told by her ?
2. Do you play football ?	Is football played by you ?
3. Did you read the letter ?	Passive Voice Was the letter read by you ?
4. Will you help me ?	Shall I be helped by you ?
5. Is she singing a song ?	Is a song being sung by her ?
6. Have you finished your work ?	Has your work been finished by you?
7. When does he take tea ?	When is tea taken by him ?
8. What is he doing ?	What is being done by him ?
9. Why were you making a noise ?	Why was a noise being made by you ?
10. Who teaches you English ?	By whom are you taught English ?

(6) Imperative Sentences

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Shut the windows.	Let the windows be shut.
2. Post this letter.	Let this letter be posted.
3. Show me your book.	Let your book be shown to me.
4. Change your clothes.	You are advised to change your clothes. Or Let your clothes be changed.
5. Write it clearly.	Let it be written clearly.
6. Always speak the truth.	You are advised always to speak the truth.
7. Work hard.	You are advised to work hard.
8. Never tell a lie.	You are advised never to tell a lie.
9. Let me finish it.	Let it be finished by me.
10. Tell him to keep quiet.	Let him be told to keep quiet.
11. Do not run fast.	You are advised not to run fast. Or You are forbidden to run fast.
12. Do not steal things.	You are advised not to steal things. Or Let things be not stolen.

(7) Typical Sentences

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. The rose smells sweet.	The rose is sweet when (it is) smelt.
2. Sit down.	Be seated.
3. You have to do it.	It has to be done by you.
4. They say that honesty is the best policy.	It is said that honesty is the best policy.
5. God helps those who help themselves.	Those who help themselves are helped by God.
6. We elected him President.	He was elected President by us.
7. One should do one’s duty.	Duty should be done.
8. Someone has picked his pocket.	His pocket has been picked.
9. He has to pay the fine.	The fine has to be paid by him.
10. I hope to stand first.	It is hoped that I shall stand first.

Exercises (Solved) Change the voice:

I. 1. Harish plays cricket.
2. She likes singing.
3. We fly kites.
4. Meera helps the poor.
5. I open an account in the bank.
6. Hamid does his homework.
7. The boys watch television.
8. The cobbler mends my shoes.
9. She hates liars.
10. Children like sweets.
Answer:
1. Cricket is played by Harish.
2. Singing is liked by her.
3. Kites are flown by us.
4. The poor are helped by Meera.
5. An account is opened in the bank by me.
6. His homework is done by Hamid.
7. Television is watched by the boys.
8. My shoes are mended by the cobbler.
9. Liars are hated by her.
10. Sweets are liked by children.

II. 1. Rama lost his book.
2. They welcomed me.
3. Mina wrote a letter.
4. Mohan did not sing a song.
5. Radha did not drink coffee.
6. Harish did not paint a picture.
7. Did the boys fly kites ?
8. Did you close the door ?
9. Did Kavita help you?
10. The Prime Minister honoured Kapil Dev.
Answer:
1. His book was lost by Rama.
2. I was welcomed by them.
3. A letter was written by Mina.
4. A song was not sung by Mohan.
5. Coffee was not drunk by Radha.
6. A picture was not painted by Harish.
7. Were kites flown by the boys ?
8. Was the door closed by you ?
9. Were you helped by Kavita ?
10. Kapil Dev was honoured by the Prime Minister.

III. 1. Manohar will solve the sums.
2. You will miss your bus.
3. The teacher will punish the boys.
4. The doctor will examine the patient.
5. The children will enjoy this game.
6. You will join the party.
7. He will not cook the food.
8. She will not wash the clothes.
9. Will they elect the President ?
10. Will she speak the truth?
Answer:
1. The sums will be solved by Manohar.
2. Your bus will be missed by you.
3. The boys will be punished by the teacher.
4. The patient will be examined by the doctor.
5. This game will be enjoyed by the children.
6. The party will be joined by you.
7. The food will not be cooked by him.
8. The clothes will not be washed by her.
9. Will the President be elected by them?
10. Will the truth be spoken by her?

IV. 1. The leader is making a speech.
2. They are playing hockey.
3. Șudhir is telling a story.
4. Pakistan is making an atom bomb.
5. The girls are making chairs.
6. The workers are not repairing the road.
7. We are not taking exercise.
8. I am not favouring you.
9. Are they knocking at the door?
10. Is he serving his country?
Answer:
1. A speech is being made by the leader.
2. Hockey is being played by them.
3. A story is being told by Sudhir.
4. An atom bomb is being made by Pakistan.
5. Chairs are being made by the girls.
6. The road is not being repaired by the workers.
7. Exercise is not being taken by us.
8. You are not being favoured by me.
9. Is the door being knocked at by them?
10. Is his country being served by him ?

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.3

Solve the following equations and check your results :

Question 1.
3x = 2x + 18
Solution:
3x = 2x + 18
∴ 3x – 2x = 18 (Transposing 2x to LHS)
∴ x = 18

Check:
LHS = 3x = 3 × 18 = 54
RHS = 2x + 18
= 2(18) + 18
= 36 + 18 = 54
LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 2.
5t – 3 = 3t – 5
Solution:
5t – 3 = 3t – 5
∴ 5t – 3t – 3 = – 5 (Transposing 3t to LHS)
∴ 2t – 3 = -5
∴ 2t = – 5 + 3 (Transposing -3 to RHS)
∴ 2t = – 2
∴ \(\frac{2 t}{2}=\frac{-2}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ t = – 1

Check:
LHS = 5t – 3
= 5 (- 1) – 3
= – 5 – 3 = -8
RHS = 3t – 5
= 3 (- 1) – 5
= – 3 – 5 = – 8
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 3.
5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
Solution:
5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
∴ 5x + 9 – 3x = 5 (Transposing 3x to LHS)
∴ 2x + 9 = 5
∴ 2x = 5 – 9 (Transposing 9 to RHS)
∴ 2x = -4
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{-4}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
x = – 2

Check:
LHS = 5x + 9
= 5 (-2) + 9
= – 10 + 9 = -1
RHS = 5 + 3x
= 5 + 3 (-2)
= 5 – 6 = -1
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 4.
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
Solution:
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
∴ 4z + 3 – 2z = 6 (Transposing 2z to LHS)
∴ 2z + 3 = 6
∴ 2z = 6 – 3 (Transposing 3 to RHS)
∴ 2z = 3
∴ \(\frac{2 z}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ z = \(\frac {3}{2}\)

Check:
LHS = 4z + 3
=4 (\(\frac {3}{2}\)) + 3
= 6 + 3 = 9
RHS = 6 + 2z
= 6 + 2(\(\frac {3}{2}\))
= 6 + 3 = 9
LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 5.
2x – 1 = 14 – x
Solution:
2x – 1 = 14-x
∴ 2x – 1 + x = 14 (Transposing -x to LHS)
∴ 3x – 1 = 14
∴ 3x = 14 + 1 (Transposing -1 to RHS)
∴ 3x = 15
∴ \(\frac{3 x}{3}=\frac{15}{3}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3)
x = 5

Check:
LHS = 2x – 1
= 2 (5) – 1
= 10 – 1 = 9
RHS = 14 – x
= 14 – 5 = 9
LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 6.
8x + 4 = 3(x – 1) + 7
Solution:
8x + 4 = 3(x – 1) + 7
∴ 8x + 4 = 3x – 3 + 7
∴ 8x + 4 = 3x + 4
∴ 8x + 4 – 3x = 4 (Transposing 3x to LHS)
∴ 5x + 4 = 4
∴ 5x = 4 – 4 (Transposing 4 to RHS)
∴ 5x = 0
∴ \(\frac{5 x}{5}=\frac{0}{5}\) (Dividing both the sides by 5)
∴ x = 0

Check:
LHS = 8x + 4
= 8 (0) + 4
= 0 + 4 = 4
RHS = 3 (x – 1) + 7
= 3(0 – 1) + 7
= 3 (-1) + 7
= – 3 + 7 = 4
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 7.
x = \(\frac {4}{5}\) (x + 10)
Solution:
x = \(\frac {4}{5}\) (x + 10)
∴ x = \(\frac{4 x}{5}+10 \times \frac{4}{5}\)
∴ x = \(\frac{4 x}{5}+8\)
∴ x – \(\frac{4 x}{5}\) = 8 (Transposing \(\frac{4 x}{5}\) to LHS)
∴ \(\frac{5 x-4 x}{5}\) = 8 (LCM = 5)
∴ \(\frac{x}{5}\) = 8
∴ \(\frac{x}{5}\) × 5 = 8 × 5 (Multiplying both the sides by 5)
∴ x = 40

Check:
LHS = x = 40
RHS = \(\frac {4}{5}\) (x + 10)
= \(\frac {4}{5}\) (40 + 10)
= \(\frac {4}{5}\) (50)
= 4 × 10 = 40
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 8.
\(\frac{2 x}{3}+1=\frac{7 x}{15}+3\)
Solution:
\(\frac{2 x}{3}+1=\frac{7 x}{15}+3\)
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{3}\) = \(\frac{7 x}{15}\) + 3 – 1 (Transposing 1 to RHS)
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{3}\) = \(\frac{7 x}{15}\) + 2
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{3}-\frac{7 x}{15}\) = 2 (Transposing \(\frac{7 x}{15}\) to LHS)
∴ \(\frac{2 x \times 5-7 x}{15}\) (LCM = 15)
∴ \(\frac{10 x-7 x}{15}\) = 2
∴ \(\frac{3 x}{15}\) = 2
∴ \(\frac{x}{5}\) = 2
∴ \(\frac{x}{5}\) × 5 = 2 × 5 (Multiplying both the sides by 5)
∴ x = 10

Check:
LHS = \(\frac{2 x}{3}\) + 1
= \(\frac{2(10)}{3}\) + 1
= \(\frac{20}{3}\) + 1 = \(\frac{23}{3}\)
RHS = \(\frac{7 x}{15}\) + 3
= \(\frac{7(10)}{15}\) + 3
= \(\frac {14}{3}\) + 3
= \(\frac {23}{3}\)
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 9.
2y + \(\frac {5}{3}\) = \(\frac {26}{3}\) – y
Solution:
2y + \(\frac {5}{3}\) = \(\frac {26}{3}\) – y
∴ 2y + y + \(\frac {5}{3}\) = \(\frac {26}{3}\) (Transposing -y to LHS)
∴ 3y + \(\frac {5}{3}\) = \(\frac {26}{3}\)
∴ 3y = \(\frac{26}{3}-\frac{5}{3}\) (Transposing \(\frac {5}{3}\) to RHS)
∴ 3y = \(\frac{26-5}{3}\)
∴ 3y = \(\frac {21}{3}\)
∴ 3y = 7
∴ \(\frac{3 y}{3}=\frac{7}{3}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3)
∴ y = \(\frac {7}{3}\)

Check:
LHS = 2y + \(\frac {5}{3}\)
= 2(\(\frac {7}{3}\) ) + \(\frac {5}{3}\)
= \(\frac{14}{3}+\frac{5}{3}\)
= \(\frac{14+5}{3}\)
= \(\frac {19}{3}\)
RHS = \(\frac {26}{3}\) – y
= \(\frac{26}{3}-\frac{7}{3}\)
= \(\frac{26-7}{3}\)
= \(\frac {19}{3}\)

Question 10.
3m = 5m – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
Solution:
3m = 5m – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
∴ 3m – 5m = –\(\frac {8}{5}\) (Transposing 5m to LHS)
∴ -2m = –\(\frac {8}{5}\)
∴ 2m = \(\frac {8}{5}\) [Multiplying both the sides by (-1)]
∴ \(\frac{2 m}{2}=\frac{8}{5} \times \frac{1}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ m = \(\frac {4}{5}\)

Check:
LHS = 3m
= 3(\(\frac {4}{5}\))
= \(\frac {12}{5}\)
RHS = 5m – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
= 5(\(\frac {4}{5}\)) – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
= 4 – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
= \(\frac{20-8}{5}\)
= \(\frac {12}{5}\)
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.