This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 6 Population will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 6 Population
→ Human Resource:
- Humans are considered as resources because they are the ones who actually create natural resources into usable resources.
- But now humans have the capability even to change their surroundings according to their needs.
- That’s why it is necessary for us to educate and develop human resources so that they can be used for national development.
→ Census Survey 2011: According to the census survey of 2011, the Indian population was 121 crore which accounted for 16.7% of the world’s population.
→ The density of Population:
- Most of the Indian population lives in the plains.
- The density of population in India is 382 persons per sq. km. Punjab’s density of population was 551 in 2011.
→ Population Growth:
- The population of an area never remains the same.
- It keeps on changing. When this change comes in a positive manner it is called population growth.
- Birth rate and death rate play a very important role in changing the population of an area.
→ Sex Ratio:
- The ratio of males and females in the population is called the sex ratio.
- It is explained in a way that a number of females are shown in an area behind every 1000 males.
→ Age-structure: Population can be divided into three parts on the basis of age and these are:
- The age group of 15 years or less
- The age group of 15-65 years
- The age group of 65 years and above.
→ This division of population is called age structure.
→ Immigration and Emigration:
- Immigration and emigration also play an important role in changing the population of a region.
- The meaning of immigration is when people migrate to other regions or countries to live and emigration is the process when people come to any region or country to live.
→ Migrant Labour in Punjab:
- Many industries have been established in many cities of Punjab and there is always a need for temporary workers to do work in such industries.
- In the same way, workers are also required to do work in agricultural fields.
- That’s why many migrants come to Punjab from the states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, etc.
→ Working Population and Dependent Population: India’s 41.6% is dependent population and 58.4% population is working for the population.
→ Increasing population:
- The growth of the population depends upon birth rate and death rate.
- India’s death rate has come down very quickly but the birth rate is coming down quite slowly.
- The major reason for decreasing death rate is the spread of health services.
→ Literacy: At the time of Indian Independence, India’s literacy rate was 14%. But in 2011, the literacy rate increased upto 74.01%.
→ Health:
- To know about the level of population, it is must to look into the health of people.
- During the last few decades, the government has greatly stressed increasing health services in the country and has established many hospitals, dispensaries, and even an increased number of doctors.
→ Occupational Population structure:
- 53% of India’s population is still engaged in the primary sector i.e. agriculture.
- 13% of people are engaged in the secondary sector and 20% are in the tertiary sector.
→ Population Distribution of Punjab:
- There are 12,581 villages and 217 small big cities in Punjab.
- There is a great difference in their population.
- Few areas have a density of population around 400 persons per sq. km. and few regions have more than 900 persons per sq. km.
→ Female Foeticide:
- Female foeticide leads to an imbalance in the population.
- That’s why the sex ratio in India is 1000 : 943 and in Punjab, it is 1000 : 895.